Art Deco Figural Lamp Dictionary
Foreword:
The following Art Deco Figural Lamp Dictionary is a product of our personal experience and exposure to the collectible art deco figural lamp venue. This same venue is outlined in our History of Art Deco Figural Lamps page. As such, the terms and definitions reflect this focus and may bear very little or significant differences in other art deco design arenas and terminology utilized therein. This project is designed to provide a useful discovery tool to aid in the general venue of art deco collectible figural lamps. Please remember that terms and meanings are largely social, are pragmatic in nature, and are subject to the idiosyncrasies of the user. If you would like to comment, provide additional terms and / or definitions or suggest ways in which this feature might be improved, feel free to e-mail us.
Kindest Regards,
Accent
Term used to describe and identify a “accent lamp” - meaning that it is a lamp that places a particular emphasis on a theme or figure.
Acid etching
A term used to describe and to identify glass that has been decorated where the glass surface is treated with hydrofluoric acid. Acid-etched glass has a distinctive, uniformly smooth and satin-like appearance. Highly collectible in the art deco lamp venue.
Adorn - ment
Term used to describe and identify the ornamental presence of a specific accent - as in adorned with………. Loose term used to emphasize major element(s) of a lamp.
Aesthetics
Term used to describe and to identify the appealing elements of a art deco lamp. Those qualities that make the lamp appealing to the human eye. Often the result of an emotional feeling or feelings for what is called the “aesthetic appeal” or “visual appeal” of a art deco lamp. Very subjective term used in the art deco lamp venue.
Alabaster
Term used to describe and identify the ornamental stone known as alabaster. The finer kinds of alabaster are readily carved into elaborate forms due to its softness. Also known as “plaster stone“ because of its composition it was originally used in ancient Egypt in the production of vases. During the art deco artistic period, it was used in a wide variety of artistic applications on art deco figurines and art deco figural lamps. Largely European in trade during this time, the centre of the alabaster trade was - and remains - Florence, Italy.
Alloy
Term used to describe metal formed by melting together two or more elements such as copper, zinc and tin, to produce a more durable or more workable metal in the production of casting metals. Typical mixed mediums in art deco lamps are spelter, bronze, brass, pewter or tin.
Amalgam
Term used to describe and to identify a specific alloy where mercury is combined with another metal. Usually tin, silver or gold for finer casting properties.
Amethyst
Term used to describe and identify a violet variety of quartz often used as an ornamental stone in jewelry. Was also used as ornament in the manufacturing of art deco lamps. Large enough crystals are sometimes found as figures risers. Also used to refer to the color amethyst - a deep purple.
Antique
Term used to describe and to identify a specific item as being an antique, which comes from the Latin word “antiquus” (old) is an old collectible item. Sellers use this term loosely when describing both an antique and a vintage item. Some sellers will use the term in an attempt to defraud or misrepresent a collectible as being older than it really is. As a general rule - the terms “antique” and “vintage” can apply to art deco lamps if established by providence or a certificate of authenticity.
Aperture
Term used to describe and to identify the rounded bottom of an art deco lamp globe – usually glass in composition – that sits into the globe fitter.
Armor Bronze Company
Term used to describe and to identify a specific art deco lamp manufactured by the Armor Bronze Company of New York, New York. Term is occasionally used to also describe and to identify a specific bronze armor (manufactured by The National Metalizing Company) used on statues and figures.
Art Deco
Term used to refer to the art deco art period and style. Derived from the modern style attributed to the “Exposition des Arts Decoratifs” - Paris 1925. The term was actually coined by Bevis Hillier in 1966.
Art Deco Dancer
Term used to describe and to identify an art deco fashioned dancer reminiscent of the art deco period. Mostly French is production and design, these dancers were produced in a wide variety of artistic venues. Commonly found in bronzed and bronze composition in higher end lamps. Highly collectible and sought after in the art deco figural lamp venue.
Art Deco Lamp
A vintage original art deco lamp attributed to the art deco artistic style, composed of attributed materials and produced between the late 1800’s and 1940’s.
Art Deco Style
Term used to describe and to identify a vintage art deco period lamp as being in the “style” of art deco. Loose term that has been misused in a attempt to represent a particular lamp as being a authentic period lamp. Unknowing or unscrupulous sellers will use the term to strongly suggest that reproduction lamps are authentic art deco “style” without utilizing clarification words such as “reproduction” or “modern.” Buyers should exercise caution in the absence of detailed examination as reproductions have flooded the market.
Art Glass
Term used to identify the use of glass as an artistic medium to produce sculptural or figural decorative art works, including art deco lamps. A wide variety of glasses can be included in this category but is generally recognized as a hand made or hand produced product. Modern reproduction glass is produced by machine. A good example of art glass utilized in art deco lamps would be the Czechoslovakian hand blown glass globes or the Tiffany stained glass.
Art Nouveau
This movement began around the 1880’s and ended during the early 1900’s. A kind of revolt against Victorian tradition it was know for its sinuous plant form shapes in both architecture and furniture design. Also very sensuous female forms with long streaming hair styles were the order of the day.
Attributes
Term used to describe and to identify specific elements of an art deco lamp. Loose term used to describe the major aspects of a lamp, such as finish, patina, color, shape, and size.
Bakelite
A term used to identify a specific plastic composition popular in art deco lamps. Because of its nonconductive properties it was commonly used in radio and TV components in the early 1900‘s. Used as switches, support fitters, lamp bodies and even shades in some rare cases in art deco lamps. The appeal of Bakelite products and the original labor intensive manufacturing process that produced them has resulted in a making them a highly collectible venue. Patented by Leo Baekland in 1907.Reproduction Bakelite made from plastic alloys is also common on the market today and caution should be exercised in the absence of close examination.
Balleste
Term used to describe and to identify a art deco figural lamp as being a work of Enrique Molins-Balleste. Balleste was born in Barcelona, Spain and was a artist who moved to Paris, France. Most noted for his figural lamps in the art deco lamp venue. Original vintage works were signed as Molins or Balleste. Also signed his works as BAL. Balleste works are highly sought after and in great demand.
Base
Term used to identify the bottom or lowest part of a art deco lamp. Generally refers to the foundation of the lamp and upon which the rest of the lamp is built. Composition can vary from bronze, brass, pewter, or other metals and can be produced from glass, marble or even wood in some instances.
Base Metal
Term used to describe and to identify non-precious metals such as copper, lead, iron and tin. Also used loosely to identify associated alloy metals such as brass, pewter, bronze and nickel silver.
Beehive Globe
Term used to describe and to identify a specific art deco vintage glass lamp globe whose physical appearance resembles a beehive. Art Deco era vintage globes were produced in green and a yellowish colored glass. General height is 5 ½ inches and diameter is approximately 4 ¼ inches. Typically used on NuArt and Frankart nude lamps but also found on same era unmarked nudes as well. Highly collectible and sought after in te art deco figural lamp venue.
Betty Beck
Term used to describe and to identify a specific art deco lamp as being produced by Betty Beck during the art deco art period 1928 - 1930. Marked “BETTY BECK.” Very little is known about this company as it appears to have been short lived producing very few lamps, probably in NYC. Extremely collectible and highly sought after in the art deco figural lamp venue.
Bevel
Term used to describe and to identify a angled edge on a art deco lamp or shade surface. Original term for cut angle on a flat surface.
Bohemia
Region of what was Czechoslovakia, renowned for its elaborately hand made engraved and faucet cut glass.
Bohemian Art Glass
Term used to describe and to identify a specific glass popular on high end art deco lamps made in Bohemia. Known for some of the most beautiful hand made glass, Bohemian art glass makers thrived from about 1885 to 1920. Of all the Bohemian glass makers, Loetz was the premier and perhaps the best known. The early 1920’s were heydays for the cameo-glass in the Gallé-style. Loetz joined this tendency and produced vases, bowls, flower stands, dresser sets, table lamps and lamp shades in double or triple overlaid glass with etched decors. In 1924 Loetz presented a series of vessels with painted decorations in the 1925 Art Deco exhibition in Paris.
Boudoir
Term used to describe and identify an art deco lamp that would have been utilized in a woman’s bed room, dressing room, private Fourier area.
Bouraine
Term used to identify a specific art deco lamp as being the work of Marcel Bouraine, (French 1886-1948) a renowned French sculptor who studied under Jean-Aleixandre-Joseph Falguiere – who is known to have placed emphasis on “realism.” Bouraine was captured in Germany during the First World War, and interned in Switzerland. He exhibited in several recognized International exhibitions and produced figural sculptures for many recognized firms including Goldscheider. He is perhaps best known for his detailed female nude figures and the “Harlequin Lamp.” His works are very sought after in the art deco lamp venue.
Bradley & Hubbard Manufacturing Company
Term used to describe and to identify a specific art deco lamp as being produced by Bradley and Hubbard. The company loosely began in 1852 in Meriden, Connecticut as Bradley, Hatch & Company. It was renamed Bradley & Hubbard in 1854. The company continued on through the 1930’s and was purchased by the Charles Parker Company in 1940. Renowned for their workmanship and materials, Bradley and Hubbard lamps are highly sought after and collected. Found both marked with the B&H mark and unmarked, buyer’s should exercise caution in the absence of detailed examination as many sellers try to sell unmarked lamps by strongly suggesting that a lamp is B&H.
Brain Globe
Term used to describe a depression era glass globe popular on art deco lamps. The name derives from the outer surface of the globe which resembles the outer human brain. Popular with the Nuart and Frankart series of art deco lamps and highly collectible in the art deco figural lamp venue.
Brass
Term used to describe and to identify a specific alloy of copper and zinc. Brass is malleable and easy to work with in casting, resulting its wide use in art deco lamps. Highly collectible and sought after in the art deco figural lamp venue.
Bronze
Term used to describe and to identify an alloy of tin, zinc and mostly copper that is a product of smelting and casting in both cold cast and hot cast forms. Utilized in figural, base, fitter, holder and final casting as well as plating or as a wash on art deco lamps. Highly collectible and sought after in the art deco lamp venue. Caution should be exercised in the absence of a close examination as later and reproduction bronze figures are hitting market and being sold as authentic vintage period items.
Bronzed
Term used to describe or to identify the use of bronzing technique on specific art deco lamp parts including figures, figurines and nudes Etc… Caution should be utilized as many sellers will designate such plated or washed items as being “Bronze,” or suggest that they are not sure. Buyers should exercise caution in the absence of detailed examination.
Bullet Shade / Globe
Term used to describe and identify a glass globe for art deco lamps that resembles a elongated bullet in shape. Composed of varying glass composition the most sought after is the depression green or Vaseline green colored bullet shades.
Candelabra
Term used to describe and identify a small based light bulb used in art deco lamps.
Cameo Glass
Term used to describe and to identify a specific type of art glass used in early art deco lamps. The glass is produced by etching and carving through layers of different colored glasses to produce unique of designs. The end result is white opaque glass designs on a dark colored body. In the case of “three-layer” (or three-color) cameo, the white opaque is additionally defined by another layer (or color) of glass on top of the body. Name derives from the “cameo” type appearance it gives in reference to antique cameos and the art of carving.
Casting (Cold Cast / Hot Cast)
Term used to describe and to identify the process of creating sculptures or other objects by pouring liquid alloys into a mold and then allowing it to harden.
Carlier
Term used to describe and to identify a art deco figural lamp as being a work by Emile Joseph Nestor Carlier. Born in 1849 in Cambrai, France and died in Paris, France in 1927. He studied at local art schools and moved to Paris where he was a pupil of Jouffroy, Cavelier and Chapu at the Ecole des Beaux Arts. In addition to his figural sculptures used in freestanding and art deco lamp works, he is perhaps best known for his beautiful bust and genre works. Carlier received many medals for his life works, especially during the 1920’s and 1940’s, and work and held the rank of Officer in the Legion of Honour.
Causse
Term used to describe and to identify a art deco figural lamp as being a work by Cadet Julien Causse. Causse was born in Bourges, France and worked from about 1890 - 1914. He studied in Paris, France under Falguiére and exhibited at The Salon des Artists Francais in the 1890s. He attained honorable mentions in 1892 and 1900. Causse also took part in the exposition Universelle of 1900 and specialized in small figures. Most known for his figural lamps in the art deco lamp venue. Highly collected and sought after.
Celluloid
Term used to describe and identify a flammable transparent plastic made from nitrocellulose and a plasticizer such as camphor. Colored and used to replace ivory on a wide range of art deco bronzes and figures on art deco lamps. Popular with upper class bronze or Pixie type figural lamps. Often sold as ivory so buyers should exercise caution in the absence of detailed examination.
Chiparus
Term used to describe and to identify a art deco lamp as being a work of Demetre Chiparus. Chiparis was born in Romania in 1886 and later moved to Paris, France to work and study. He studied under A. Mercier and J. Boucher and exhibited at the Salon in 1914. He is one of the most famous of the Art Deco artists and is mostly known for his Art Deco Chryselephantine bronzes technique used during the 1920s and 30s. He made pieces in many mediums including bronze, bronze and Ivory (Chryselephantine) spelter, terracotta and plaster. He was highly influenced by the turbulent times as well as the Paris performances of the Ballet Russe and the Egyptian revival period. Highly prized and sought after in the art deco lamp venue as few of his works were produced as lamps.
Chryselephantine
Term used to originally refer to gold and ivory statuary as produced by the ancient Greeks. Today it is used to describe bronze and ivory (ivorine) statues.
Cold Cast
Term used to describe and to identify a specific item that has been produced from the “Cold Casting” process. A modern method of casting art works in which the casting material is a hybrid mixture (resin type) with heavy powdered bronze. The end product appears to be a bronze art work cast in a more traditional manner and is much lighter.
Cold Painted
Term used to describe and to identify a specific art deco lamp as having a finish, which consist of oil or enamel paint being applied after casting and not being “fired.” The paint was applied cold – generally predominate on older art deco figural lamps with bronze or bronzed figures as an accent, but can be found mixed with fired enamel paints on the same lamp or on other material mediums as well – such as whitemetal and pewter.
Collectible
Term used to describe and to identify specific valuable objects that are less than a hundred years old. Term is also loosely used to identify specific items that are being collected for aesthetic or investment purposes.
Columbia Statuary
Term used to describe and to identify a specific art deco figural lamp as being a product of Columbia Statuary. Columbia Statuary Incorporated was based in Chicago, Ill and while they sold a wide range of general low cost chalk ware decorative items, they also sold an upper scale exquisitely sculptured art deco nude figural lamp in the 1930’s. Apparently this was Italian in production, which would explain the detailed beauty in this lamp, which featured a crackle glass domed shade. This lamp is exceptionally prized in the art deco figural lamp venue and is highly collectible as chalk ware lamps in exceptional condition are very difficult to locate by Columbia.
Converter
Term used to describe and identify a canopy type assembly used to convert oil, kerosene or gas lamps into electricity. Generally provides receiver, socket, cover, fitter and cord.
Crack
Term used to describe and to identify a defect in an art deco lamp where poor casting, flawed finishing, environmental factors, stress loads, elevated temperatures, injury during use, or accidental damage to the metal. Also called “fracture.”
Crackle Glass Globe
Term used to describe a post depression era glass globe popular on art deco lamps. The name derives from the outer surface of the globe which resembles a crackle effect. Popular with the Nuart and Frankart series of art deco lamps and highly collectible in the art deco figural lamp venue. Buyers should exercise caution in the absence of detailed examination as reproductions have flooded the market.
Custard Glass Globe
Term used to describe a post depression era glass globe popular on art deco lamps. The name derives from the outer surface of the globe which resembles a common custard cream color. Popular with the Nuart and Frankart series as well as other art deco lamps and highly collectible in the art deco figural lamp venue. Buyers should exercise caution in the absence of detailed examination as reproductions have flooded the market.
Czechoslovakian Glass
Term used to describe and identify hand made art glass of a Czechoslovakian origin. Most typically noted and referenced in noting “End Of the Day” Czechoslovakian glass globes. Also often referred to as “CZECH GLASS.” Very desirable in art deco lamps and highly collectible. Also identifies the Czechoslovakian glass beaded lamp shades. Caution should be exercised in the absence of a close examination as later period and reproduction items are hitting the market and being sold as vintage period items.
DeVilbiss Company
The DeVilbiss Manufacturing Company was a hand decorating and finishing company in Toledo, Ohio from the early 1900’s through the mid 1950’s. They are most noted for their unique designs of atomizer fittings for perfume and toilet water bottles. However they also produced “Perfume Lamps” or “Atomizer Lamps.“ Most of these type lamps were a cooperation as the perfume lamp shades were produced in the 1920’s - 1930’s by Cambridge Glass Company and the metal bases were produced by DeVilbiss. Many DeVilbiss perfume lamps also use the same bases as were sold to the Cambridge Glass Company. Later art deco perfume lamps in the 1930’s and 40’s can be found with glass shades by the Fenton Art Glass Co. of Williamstown, W.Va. These lamps are sought after and considered collectible in the art deco lamp venue. The DeVilbiss company is still in operation in Somerset, Pennsylvania, concentrating on medical equipment- heavy duty compressors and huge paint sprayers.
Diaphanous Style
Term used to describe and to identify a specific style of art deco figural lamps that feature a sheer or fine clothing element that reveals the natural body form. This style is predominately associated with late art nouveau / art deco figural lamps with semi-nude females present in ancient Greek attire. This style is also seen in female figures actively engaged in the performing arts – such as dancing when the fineness of the clothing reveals the female natural shape. Perhaps the finest examples of this style are found in the French figural lamps depicting ancient Greek women and bear a foundry seal. These figural lamps are highly sought after and collectible in the art deco lamp venue.
Distressed
Term used to describe and to identify a specific art deco lamp or area of a lamp in obvious need of repair. The term is also used to describe a original surface which has become rough, scratched, pitted and worn through age. Term can also be used to indicate a finish that has been recently produced to simulate or appear older than it is.
Doré
Term used to describe and identify a very soft and beautiful gold finish put on statues and other decorative art works such as art deco lamps. It is produced by suspending pure gold in liquid mercury and burning off unwanted alloys. This produces a soft satin like plating or wash.
DUFFNER & KIMBERLY Lamp
Term used to describe and to identify a specific art deco lamp as being manufactured by the DUFFNER & KIMBERLY COMPANY of New York. Highly sought after and collectible in the art deco lamp venue. Buyers should exercise caution in the absence of detailed examination and D&K mark as more modern reproductions are entering the market.
Diamond “F”
Term used to describe and to identify a specific art deco period lamp manufactured by the Diamond “F” Manufacturing Company of Cleveland, Ohio. They made some novelty type lamps of which the most popular is probably the Victorian Parrot Lamp. Marked on all their lamps and highly collectible in the art deco figural lamp venue.
Ebonite
Term used to describe and to identify a specific composition of a hard black substance. A hard black material produced by heating rubber with sulphur. Used to simulate the color of “jet” in fine metal work. Also referred to as “vulcanite.”
Edward Miller & Co.
Term used to describe and to identify a specific art deco lamp as being manufactured by the Edward Miller & Company. Started in Meriden, Connecticut, in the 1840’s. Miller lampas are highly sought after and collectible in the art deco lamp venue because of their quality artistic elements as well as materials. Found both marked and unmarked, caution should be exercised in the absence of a close examination.
Egyptian Style
Term used to describe and identify a specific art deco lamp as being of “Egyptian Style.” In true vintage art deco “Egyptian Style” refers to the resurgence of Egyptian influenced art in art deco themes that grew in popularity as a result of the discovery of King Tut’s tomb. Located in Egypt’s Valley of the Kings its accurate reference would be the “Tomb of Tutankhamun.” Some of the very best Egyptian Styled art deco figural lamps can be seen in Ronson lamps. Buyer’s should exercise caution in the absence of detailed examination as reproductions have flooded the market.
Electroliers
Term used in the early art deco period to describe and to identify electric table lamps of many venues.
Electroplating
Term used to describe and to identify a specific process invented in the 1840s. Originally a silver-plating process that was faster and less costly than the old conventional processes. A metal item is immersed in an electrolytic tank and picks up a thin coating of applied metal, such as bronze, brass or silver from a metal ingot in the tank when a current of electricity is passed through it.
Embossing
Term used to describe and to identify the surface of a specific item, usually metal or glass. Embossing is the process where the surface of an item is raised to create a three dimensional appearance rather than a two -dimensional design or a flat surface. Widely used in an array of decorative arts such as jewelry, silversmith and metal ware. Very collectible in the art deco lamp venue.
Empire Lamp Co.
Term used to describe and to identify a specific art deco lamp as being manufactured by the Empire Lamp & Brass Mfg. Company of 426 S. Clinton street, Chicago. Highly sought after and collectible in the art deco lamp venue. Buyers should exercise caution in the absence of detailed examination and the Empire mark as more modern reproductions are entering the market.
Enamel(ed)
Term used to describe and to identify a specific painted finish on vintage art deco lamps as being of enamel paint composition(s). traditionally, these enamel finished were a hard, glassy element consisting of colored glass ground up fine in oil. Applied to the item as a decorative coat and then baked on with heat. Often sealed with a clear type varnish or other sealer for durability and hardness.
End of Day Glass
Term used to describe and identify Czechoslovakian art glass globe. A multicolored glass whose name derives from the alleged practice of taking glass left over at the end of the work day, combining it, and throwing it to produce unique patterns. Often referred to as “splatter glass” but that is erroneous by definition.
Engraved Glass
Term used to describe and to identify glass that has been cut into or incised by holding it against a rotating wheel and an accompanying abrasive. Can also be achieved by scratching with a diamond product. Elaborate engravings are highly desirable and sought after in the art deco lamp venue.
Fabrication Française
Term used to identify and to describe a art deco figural lamp that was produced in France during the art deco period. Clearly marked as such (usually on base) with accompanying French foundry seal.
Faguays
Term used to describe and to identify a specific art deco figural lamp as being the work of Pierre Faguays.
Fayral used “Fayral” and “Guerbe” as 2 pseudonyms in signing his works. He was born in Nates, France and was perhaps best known for his originality and detail in his dancers. He earned a medal of honour for his work in 1927 and was closely associated with the Le Verrier foundry, which made most of his works.
Fake
Term used to describe and to identify a specific art deco lamp as being a item made or sold with the intent of misleading or deceiving the buyer into believing the object is authentic. Also utilized in lieu of “False.”
Faux
Term used to describe and to identify a specific item as being artificial, imitation, in the likeness of, not genuine or simulated. Some individuals use the term “fake.”
Fayral
Term used to describe and to identify a specific art deco figural lamp as being the work of Pierre Faguays.
Fayral used “Fayral” and “Guerbe” as 2 pseudonyms in signing his works. He was born in Nates, France and was perhaps best known for his originality and detail in his dancers. He earned a medal of honour for his work in 1927 and was closely associated with the Le Verrier foundry, which made most of his works.
Fenton Art Glass Co.
Term used to describe and identify specific glass art deco lamp shades made by this company that was originally founded in 1905 in Martins Ferry, Ohio. Influenced heavily by Tiffany and Steuben, Fenton was well known for its creative colors such as chocolate and golden agate. Probably best known in the art deco venue for their “Milk, Opalescent, Hobnail, and Carnival” glasses. Of these, Fenton carnival, opalescent and milk glass is most commonly found in art deco lamp shades. Caution must be exercised as many sellers are selling Fenton glass shades from the 40’s, 50’s and 60’s as original art deco shades, which is not the case.
Figural
Term used to identify a specific venue in sculptural type art works, including art deco lamps, that incorporates the use of a person’s miniature figure in the composition. In art deco lamps it is mostly used to refer to the art deco lamps that have art deco dancers posed in various positions.
Filigree
Term used to describe and to identify wire work in jewelry. Used in the art deco lamp venue to describe intricate artistic metal work typically found on some art glass lamp shades.
Finial
Term used to describe and to identify a specific object that adorns the top of a art deco lamp. Usually imposed to function as a holder for the lamp shade or globe in a decorative fashion.
Fired Enamel
Term used to describe and to identify a specific art deco lamp as having a finish, which consist of oil or enamel paint being applied after casting and then being cured in multiple stages by heating in a kiln or oven. This process was said to harden the enamel and provide better element protection. Generally predominate on older art deco figural lamps with bronze or bronzed figures as an accent, but can be found mixed with cold painted enamel paints on the same lamp or on other material mediums as well – such as whitemetal and pewter.
Fitter / Holder
Term(s) used to identify the seating part of a lamp which holds the lamp shade or globe. May or may not have holding screws to secure the globe in place. Sometimes referred to as a “gallery.”
Fitter Width
Term used to identify the measurements across the width of the fitter inside. Measurement that identifies the proper globe or shade size that fit’s the lamp. Generally this measurement will be anywhere from 1 ¾ to 3 ½ for most art deco lamps.
Flapper
Term used to describe and to identify a “flapper” figurine. A popular figurine in the 1920s that referred to a “new breed” of young women who wore short skirts, bobbed their hair, listened to the new jazz music, and flaunted their disdain for what was then considered acceptable behavior. The flapper figures are highly sought after in art deco lamps.
Fluted
Term used to identify and to describe a slender fluted pillar on a art deco lamp. Generally refers to a shade pillar with shallow “fluted” groves that run vertical up the entire length. Can also refer to a lamp support column that rises from a wider base.
Foliated
Term used to describe and to identify a specific decorative element on a art deco lamp as being in the likeness of leaf-shaped.
Foundry Mark
Term used to identify and to describe a official mark or series of marks struck by a metal foundry and used to identify art works produced by the foundry. Typically a raised seal type mark or trademark that is used by the foundry as an authentication seal.
Frankart
Term used to describe and identify a specific art deco lamp as being attributed to and made by Authur Von Frankenberg and Frankart Inc., New York, New York. Frankart mass-produced nude dancing posed lady lamps, ashtrays, and other decorative Art Deco items in the 1920s and 1930s. Frankenberg sculpted his figures from a live well known English model known as Leona Osborne. They were made of white lead composition (spelter) and spray-painted. On most of the lamps the mark © Frankart and the patent number and year were stamped on the base. Sellers throw the Frankart name around in many cases to suggest that a specific art deco lamp may be a Frankart product in an effort to inflate the value of the lamp. Buyers should exercise caution in the absence of detailed examination as reproductions have flooded the market.
Frankart Era / Nuart Era
Term used loosely to suggest that a specific art deco lamp was manufactured during the time of Arthur Von Frankenberg, the production of Frankart lamps and / or the time of Nuart lamp production and / or is the production of NuArt Lamps. Relatively a loose term that is occasionally used by sellers to suggest that a lamp might be of Frankart or Nuart venue or strongly insinuating that it is. Avoid sellers who use loose attributions to accomplish such. The terms are often intended to suggest unwarranted association to Frankart and NuArt in attempt to inflate the perceived rarity and value of an art deco lamp - usually figural. Buyer’s should exercise caution in the absence of detailed examination as reproductions have flooded the market.
French Bronze
Term used to describe and to identify a specific art deco lamp originally manufactured by a French foundry. Term is occasionally used to also describe and to identify a specific bronze finish consistent with French bronzes and used on statues and figures.
Frosted
Term used to describe and to identify a specific art glass used in art deco lamps that denotes a surface that resembles a ‘frost“ like surface found on art deco period glass shades and globes. This surface is produced by an acid etching process. Caution should be exercised in the absence of a close examination as reproduction and modern etched glass have long flooded the market. A highly collectible glass globe for art deco lamps.
Fry Glass Co.
Term used to describe and to identify glass made by Fry Glass Company of Rochester, PA. Best known for their “Pearl Glass” shades in the art deco lamp venue. These were produced in the 1930’s just prior to the company’s closing.
Galle Glass Co.
Term used to describe and to identify glass produced by French cameo glass maker Emile Galle (1846-1904). Galle’s family continued to produce glass that was both wheeled and acid etched on two or three layered cameo glass. The production was stopped in 1936 and some of Galle’s later works bearing heavy Japanese influence crossed over into art deco design. Buyers should exercise caution in the absence of detailed examination as reproductions have flooded the market.
Gallery
Term(s) used to identify the seating part of a lamp which holds the lamp shade or globe. May or may not have holding screws to secure the globe in place. Also referred to as a “fitter or holder.” Can also refer to a specific collection of art deco lamps displayed privately or publicly.
Gerdago Pixie
Term used to describe and identify a specific Pixie designed by and attributed to A.R. Gerdago. Creator of some of the most radically stylized bronze and ivory figures and exotically clad dancers in art deco art. Highly collectible in bronze or bronzed figure form and highly valued in art deco figural lamps. Buyers should exercise caution in the absence of detailed examination as reproductions have flooded the market.
Gild / Gilding
Term used to describe and to identify a thin layer of gold leaf over the surface of a figurine or section of a art deco lamp. Also referred to as “gilt.” Some sellers use this loosely to describe plated or washed finishes - for example, “gilt bronze” but gilding is reserved for gold leaf.
Globe
Term used to refer to or identify the glass shade / globe on a art deco lamp.
Goldscheider
Term used to describe and to identify a specific art deco figural lamp as being the work of Goldscheider. The artist produced porcelains in Vienna, England and Trenton, New Jersey. The New Jersey factory started in 1940 as Goldscheider-U.S.A. In 1941 it became Goldscheider-Everlast Corporation. From 1947 to 1953 it was Goldcrest Ceramics Corporation. In 1950 the Vienna plant was returned to Mr. Goldscheider and the company continues in business. The Trenton, New Jersey, business, now called Goldscheider of Vienna, imports all of the pieces. Also known for bronze work and only a few bronzed art deco figurine lamps. Highly sought after and collectible in the art deco lamp venue.
Grading Scale
A scale used to grade art deco lamps by:
Poor
Term used to describe the overall condition of a lamp. This lamp has substantial issues such as excessive usage indicators, serious chipping and pitting, significant scratches, missing finish, very worn or unusable wiring and electrical components, globe is in poor shape - damaged or is absent. Base may have structural damage or significant stress cracks, is warped or has been altered by means such as poor painting. Has obvious replacement or repair work of a poor quality. Meaning a Poor example overall of this lamp.
Fair
Term used to describe the overall condition of a lamp. This lamp has substantial use and wear indicators such as chipping, scratches, missing finish, very worn but working electrical parts, chips/scratches or cracks to the lamp globe, frayed electrical cord, Etc…….Has obvious replacement or repair work but not critical. Meaning a Fair example overall of this lamp.
Good
Term used to describe the overall condition of a lamp. This lamp has use and wear indicators such as minor chipping, scratches, finish wear indicators, normal wear on working electrical parts, minor chips/scratches to the lamp globe that can not be seen when seated, intact electrical cord, Etc…….May have repair or replacement work but is of a good level. Meaning a good example overall of this lamp and is of collectible quality.
Very Good / Fine
Term used to describe the overall condition of a lamp. This lamp has minor use and wear indicators, not substantial surface scratches, very minor if any surface finish loss, very minor normal wear indicators, no notable problems with working electrical parts, no notable chips or scratches to the lamp globe seen or unseen, very good original or vintage replacement electrical cord of proper composition, May have repair or replacement work performed but is of a professional level and is noted. May have original labels, felt, Etc…Meaning a very good or fine example overall of this lamp representing it in a little used original state and is of collectible quality.
Mint
Term used to describe the overall condition of a lamp. This lamp has almost no normal use and wear indicators. No scratching, no chipping and no surface wear of significant note. All components work properly, globe or shade is in perfect condition, felt intact, labels may be present, electrical cord and switches are original and in mint condition. Has no replacement or repair work to note. If such work was completed it was done so with vintage original parts and is of a professional level and noted. Meaning a very mint example overall of this lamp representing it in a unused original state and is of museum collectible quality.
Gunmetal
Strong alloy of copper and tin developed in the 19thC to make guns and also cast to make domestic metalware and ornamental items such as art deco lamp bases and other decorative items. Also refers to the color “gunmetal gray.
Hallmark
Term used to identify and to describe a official mark or series of marks struck on items made of precious metals.
Hand Blown
Term used to describe and to identify a specific glass item (globe) that is made by hand. Hand blown glass is not made from a automated machine press process but is rather shaped and produced with air blown by mouth through a blowpipe by a glass artist. The term is synonymous with mouth-blown, hand-made, or hand-manufactured glass.
Hand Made
Term used to describe and to identify a specific item (globe) that is made by hand.
Handel Lamp Co.
Term used to describe and to identify a specific art deco lamp as being manufactured by the Handel Lamp Company of Meriden, Conn. Highly sought after and collectible in the art deco lamp venue. Buyer’s should exercise caution in the absence of detailed examination and HANDEL mark as more modern reproductions are entering the market.
Harem Dancer
Term used to describe and to identify a specific art deco figure on period art deco lamps known as the Harem Dancer. These figures reference the erotic female slave dancers kept in Arabic harems.
Harlequin
Term used to describe and identify a comedy character known as Arlecchino in Italian and as Arlequin in French. The character was the most popular comic servant from the Italian “Commedia dell’Arte and the Harlequinade. Very popular in art deco figural lamps and highly collectible. Buyers should exercise caution in the absence of detailed examination as more modern reproductions have flooded the market.
Hollywood Regency
Term used to describe and to identify this style in art deco lamps. Dating back to the ’30s and continuing well through mid-century, Regency style epitomized the glamour and glitz of the early Hollywood era. Mixing and matching multiple styles, the look represented the beginnings of modern eclecticism. Caution should be exercised in the absence of a close examination as reproduction lamps in this style are common place.
Honey Comb Globe
Term used to describe and to identify a specific art deco vintage lamp globe that resembles a cut away section of a beehive honey comb. Featuring the geometric six (6) sided cells. Commonly found original to NuArt lamps but have been seen on unmarked lamps as well. Typically white or cream in color with cell frames highlighted in black or dark brown. Very rare and highly collectible.
Illuminaries
Term used to describe and to identify early ornamental figural lamps in the art deco era. Largely an advertising term used loosely.
Ivorine
Term used to describe and identify a plastic composition used to simulate ivory. Due to the increased restrictions on Ivory trade, even in the 1920’s and 30’s, it was not unusual for art deco lamp makers to utilized ivorine in lieu of the more expensive ivory.
Ivory
Ivory is formed from the teeth and tusk of animals such as the elephant, hippopotamus, walrus and some whales. Most commonly used, it refers to the tusk of elephants. Utilized in a wide variety of decorative art works such as art deco lamps. Mostly used to replicate the human body or body parts, such as the face, arms and hands. Outlawed as illegal in trade to protect certain species it was replaced with plastic compositions such as “ivorine“ or faux ivory.
Iridescence
Term used to describe and to identify a illustrious, pearl like quality created on the surface of glass by spraying metallic vapors and oxides on hot glass.
Jadeite
Term used to describe and to identify a “jade” mineral. In art deco lamps it is used most often to describe a specific “jade like” spacer or riser or lamp base accent in the color of or composition of jade - a translucent or opaque green. Occasionally used to describe “uranium glass” accents.
Janle
Term used to describe and to identify a specific art deco figural lamp as being the work of art deco French artist “Janle.” Not a great deal of information is available on Janle but pieces attributed to Janel were mostly produced in the mid to late 1920’s. Highly sought after and valued in the art deco figural lamp venue.
J.B. Hirsh Co.
J.B. HIRSCH COMPANY was a manufacturer of quality bronze figures and bronze lamps during the art deco period. Started in 1907 by a Romanian immigrant, Joseph B. Hirsch, the company was originally the New York Art Bronze Works, later to become J.B. Hirsch Co. Hirsch and a few skilled labor workers started the company on New York’s Lower East Side and produced metalware items such as ash trays, bookends, table lamps and newel post lamps as well as selling French bronze statues. World War II put an end to the French Bronze production and the foundries buried the original molds to keep them from being destroyed, captured or exploited by the Germans. Most French foundries did not resume business after the war and many of the molds remained hidden. Abraham Hirsch made trips to France to locate and purchase the original molds of over 15 French foundries. The process of putting together the scrambled mold pieces is a process that remains on-going - even today. Highly collectible, J.B. Hirsch bronze and bronzed art deco lamps are sought after.
Jugendstil
German term used to describe and to identify an art nouveau or early art deco collectible item as being of that particular style. Translation in German means “youth style.“
Kelety
Hungarian sculptor AlexandreKelety, who moved to Paris in 1918 and exhibited at the Paris Salons until his death in 1940. He exhibited at the famous 1925 Paris Exhibition and his gorgeous sculptures were prized in capturing the true modernism of the art deco spirit. In the art deco lamp venue he is best recognized for the unique excellent bronze craftsmanship, design, and the materials used such as bronze, alabaster globes and marble bases.
Lalique Glass
Term used to describe and to identify a vintage glass art deco lamp or glass shade / globe as being produced by Rene Jules Lalique, a art deco designer, 1860-1945. Lalique’s professional career, first as a goldsmith and then, more famously, as a glass maker, spanned both the Art Nouveau and the Art Deco eras. Lalique is perhaps best known for his early perfume bottles, but by the 1920s Lalique began to manufacture other works in glass such as lamps and lamp shades. He exhibited at Paris in 1925, his celebrated glass fountain defined French Art Deco of the 1920s. Caution should be exercised in the absence of a close examination to authentic this glass as the market has seen reproduction items presented as Lalique.
Latticino
Term used to describe and to identify a particular Italian decorative glass used in art deco lamp globes.
Leaded Glass
Term used to describe and to identify glass that contains at least 20% lead oxide. Soft glass that has a brilliance often enhanced by decorating the surface with polished geometric wheel-cut facets and buffed.
Le Faguays
Term used to describe and to identify a specific art deco figural lamp as being the work of Pierre Le Faguays. He was was born in Nantes, France where he worked and studied. He earned Medals of Honor for his sculpture works and associated with such noted artist as Max Le Verriere and produced works for the famous Goldscheider foundry in Paris. Most well known and recognized for his dancers. His work spaned several mediums including ivory, bronze, spelter, stone, wood, alabaster and ceramics. Highly sought after and collected in the art deco lamp venue.
Le Verrier
Term used to describe and to identify a art deco figural lamp as being the work of Max Le Verrier. Le Verrier was born in Neuilly-sur-Seine on January 29th 1891. He studied at the Beaux Arts in Geneva and was accomplished in sculpture. He studied with Pierre Le Faguays and Bouraine who became his life long friends. Le Verrier’s studio and foundry at his Ateliere in Paris, which he opened in 1919 was very successful. His foundry also produced the works of other artists like Le Faguays), Bouraine, Janle, and many other art deco influenced artist. Le Verrier won a gold medal from the Salon in 1925 and is perhaps best known for ‘Clarte,’ the nude lady lamp he produced in 1928. Highly sought after and collected in the art deco figural lamp venue.
LEONARDI
Term used to describe and to identify a art deco lamp as being manufactured by the LEONARDI or LEONARDENE CO. in London, England. Most well known for their Art Deco figures and female lamps made during the 1920‘s - 1930‘s. LEONARDI comes from the company’s owner’s first name. Original vintage lamps from this company were clearly stamped on the back base plate with the well known “CL” initials that were stamped on top of each other. Later reproduction models - made from the original molds were not stamped. Highly collectible and sought after.
Limousin
Term used to describe and to identify a specific art deco figural lamp as being the work of Limousin. A highly collected lamp in the art deco figural lamp venue.
Loetz
Term used to describe and to identify a specific Bohemian art glass made by “Loetz.” The glass factory, originally founded in 1836 by Johann Loetz in lower Bohemia. After his death the company was taken over by Susanna Loetz, widow of Glass entrepreneur Loetz in 1852. She renamed the company “Glasfabrik Johann Loetz Witwe.” More commonly known as LOETZ, the name was retained until all glass production ended in 1947. Known for iridescent type art glass as well as their prized carmel, cream, blue, green and ruby colored marble glass lamp shades in the art deco lamp venue, which are highly collectible. Caution should be utilized in the absence of a close examination as many sellers will sell other art glass globes as “Loetz” or other glass that is not authentic period pieces and are later reproductions.
Lorenzl
Term used to describe and to identify a specific art deco figural lamp as being the work of Josef Lorenzl who was a master designer in art deco figurines and statuettes. He is perhaps best known for his bronze work in which his figurines epitomize the art deco spirit. Like many other masters, such as Preiss, Chiaparus, Goldscheider and Kelety, he was obviously inspired by the female form and the new found freedom that women enjoyed. He was born in Austria in 1892 and was soon to become one of the most talented sculptors of the Art Deco Period. The majority of his works in “Chryselephantine”, a Greek word which refers to the combination of various materials such as bronze, ivory, gold and silver, are best noted. He signed his pieces in various ways sometimes abbreviating his name to “Lor” or “Enzl.” In the art deco lamp venue he is best known for his art deco dancing poses.
Lost Wax Casting
Term used to describe and to identify a specific art deco lamp as being produced from the “Lost Wax Casting” process.” This process name comes from the use of melted wax that is used to create a measured void between the mold and inside cast. When the mold is heated, the wax melts and drips out. This creates a void in which the molten metal is poured into to create an art work. Typically found on higher end French, Austrian and other European art deco bronze figural lamps.
Louis Comfort Tiffany (1848-1933)
Art Nouveau artist and American designer of art glass products. He designed using both glass and jewelry and is perhaps best known for his lamps and smaller glass objects. The first Tiffany Glass Company was incorporated on December 1, 1885, and in 1900 became known as the Tiffany Studios. Tiffany used opalescent glass in a variety of colors and textures to create a unique style of stained glass. Tiffany lamps are highly collectible and sought after in today’s market place. Caution should be exercised in the absence of a close examination to authentic this glass and lamp as the market has been flooded with reproduction items represented as Tiffany.
Lucien Alliot
Name used for Alloit, Luien Charles Edouard, (1877-1956), renowned French sculptor. Born in Paris, France in 1877, Alliot exhibited at the Salon from 1905 thru 1939. He was awarded a gold medal in 1920 for sculpture. Best known for his female bronze sculptures, including some late art nouveau and early art deco figural lamps. Highly sought after and extremely collectible in the art deco lamp venue. Buyers should exercise caution in the absence of detailed examination as reproductions have entered the market.
Machine Age
Term used to describe and to identify a specific lamp as being a product of the art deco production era 1920 - 1940. Term refers to the mass production of such item during the industrial age when machinery was utilized. Caution should be utilized in the absence of a close examination as many lamps are not authentic period pieces and are later reproductions.
Makers Mark
Term used to identify and to describe a official mark or series of marks struck on molded or cast on vintage art deco lamps that identify the manufacturer of the lamp.
Marble
Term used to identify a non-foliated metamorphic rock that is almost exclusively used for decorative art works including art deco lamps. Mostly found utilized as a lamp base, it has also been used as light fitting structures. The word “marble” is also often used to refer to many other stones that are capable of taking a high polish. Caution should be utilized in accepting such descriptions without close examination. In art deco lamps “marble” generally refers to Italian marble that produces the beautiful veins.
Mercury Glass
Term used to describe and to identify a form of glass occasionally found on art deco lamps. Somewhat misleading term in that it really identifies “silvered glass.“ This glass was blown double walled, then silvered between the layers with a liquid silvering solution, and sealed. “Mercury” silvered glass was produced originally from around 1840 until at least 1930 in Bohemia, now the Czech Republic.
Millefiori Glass Globe
Term used to describe and identify the well known period Millefiori glass globes so highly valued on art deco lamps. Millefiori glass is a result of a glasswork technique which produces distinctive decorative flower type patterns on glassware. The most renowned producers of millefiori are the glassmakers at Murano — an island near Venice. There, millefiori are made in order to use them in the production of “murrina” — objects such as beads and paperweights, as made at Murano for more than 700 years. The term millefiori is a combination of the Italian words “mille” (thousand) and “fiori” (flowers). The term was first used by A. Pellatt (in his book “Curiosities of Glass Making”). Reproduction glass work applying the same patterns to both glass and non-glass based compositions is flooding the market. One should exercise caution in the absence of a detailed examination.
Molded / Pressed Glass Pattern
Term used to describe and to identify a specific glass globe manufactured by pressing molten glass into a form. These globe forms typically illustrated a woman’s face, flowers, vegetables, leaf patterns, or other art deco associated illustrations.
Muller Fres
Term used to describe and to identify a art deco lamp as being a vintage period product of the Muller brothers of Luneville, France. The Muller brothers worked for Galle before establishing their own glassworks production at Luneville in 1905. Predominately known for their cameo art glass vases and lamp shades. Lamp bases by Muler Fres range from cameo glass, wrought iron, bronze, brass, pewter and a wide range of plating. Lamps produced by the Muler brothers spanned art nouveau, art deco and arts & crafts periods. Highly collectible and sought after in the art deco lamp venue. Generally fully signed “ Muller Fres Luneville”.
Murano Glass
Term used to describe and identify a specific art glass manufactured by hand in Murano Italy. Faux art glass is being labeled Murano and entering the market place. Caution should be exercised in the absence of a close examination.
Newel Post Lamp
Term used to describe and to identify this type lamp that was very popular as not only a lighting source but a decoration as well. The name “Newel Post” comes from the lamps being used to sit at the foot of staircase banisters and resting on top of the large anchor post. From very simple to extremely elaborate in design and function, Newel Post Lamps are a highly sought after collectible arena in the art nouveau and art deco venues.
Nuart / NuArt
Term used to describe and identify a specific art deco lamp as being a product of the Nuart Lamp Company in NY. Found both marked “NuArt Creations” or “Nuart” and unmarked in many cases. In the absence of a makers mark caution should be exercised in attributing a art deco lamp to Nuart without close examination.
Nude(s)
Term used to describe and to identify the presence of a nude or nudes that adorn a art deco lamp providing a sense of erotic illumination and are either semi-nude or completely un-clothed. Very popular in the art deco collectible lamp venue as they display art deco dancers and art deco era models.
Onyx
Term used to describe and to identify a form of quartz used in the art deco period for plinths, bases, risers, spacers and other art deco lamp items. A highly popular stone because of its multicolored bands that produce a nice contrast. Caution should be exercised in the absence of a close examination as the market has been flooded with stained agate and faux Onyx that is composed of carbonate calcite materials that are colored.
Opalescence Glass
Term used to describe and to identify a specific sheen found in jewelry as well as art glass. In art deco lamps the term refers to glass containing metal oxides, which give the glass a reflective property. Simulates the optical color range or opacity - an opal like appearance.
Original
Term used to identify an “original.” The actual art work that the artist approves and often signs before castings and copies are produced from the work. Also used in art deco lamps to refer to a original vintage lamp produced during the art deco art period.
Original finish
The first protective coating-including varnish, wax, polish, paint or sealer that was applied to a art deco lamp. Antiques and vintage collectables still in this condition are highly valued in the art deco lamp venue. Caution should be exercised in the absence of a close examination as many lamps are refinished and presented as original vintage lamps.
Pairpoint
Term used to describe and to identify a art glass lamp or lamp shade that was produced by The Pairpoint Corporation & Pairpoint Glass Co., one of America’s oldest glassworks, founded in 1837 South Boston as the Mt. Washington Glass Company. In 1880, the Mt. Washington Glass Company moved from Boston to New Bedford, Mass, and merged with Pairpoint Manufacturing. Examples of Pairpoint’s timeless glass can be found in the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, the Boston Museum of Fine Arts and of course in fine art deco lamp collections. Pairpoint glass is highly collectible in the art deco lamp arena as the glass was designed to fuse bulb light often producing a spectrum of soft light. Commonly found with Pixie or Nude figured lamps.
Patina
Term used to describe the natural aged coloring to the surface that makes such lamps with varying metal finishes more collectible or valued. Most common association with art deco lamps would be the natural aging and patinization of bronze over time. Caution should be utilized in the absence of close examination as patinas can also be produced to almost any surface by a wide range of chemicals.
Perfume Lamp
Term used to describe and to identify an art deco “perfume lamp.” These lamps were widely made but perhaps the best known and sought after are those produced by the DeVilbiss Manufacturing Company in Toledo, Ohio.
Period
Term used to describe and to identify a specific art deco lamp as belonging to a particular time, Ie… art deco period in time, origin and style.
Pewter
Pewter is a metal alloy that traditionally contained tin with mixed alloys of copper and lead. Having a bluish tint, pewter was used to cast a variety of collectible decorative art deco items, including lamps. It is often confused with more common grades of spelter without close examination.
Pierrot
Term used to describe and to identify a Pierrot - a character of mime and Commedia dell’Arte. A sad clown who was obsessed with winning the love of Columbine, who leaves him for the Harlequin. The Pierrot is often female, and has also been called “Pirouette” or “Pierrette”. A popular art deco lamp figure used in a variety of art deco figural lamps and is highly collectible.
Pittsburgh Lamp, Brass and Glass Company
Term used to describe and to identify a specific art deco lamp as being manufactured by the Pittsburgh Lamp, Brass and Glass Company. Highly sought after and collectible in the art deco lamp venue. The company went into bankrupt in 1926 and reorganized as Kopp Glass Inc. Buyer’s should exercise caution in the absence of detailed examination and the Pittsburgh mark.
Plated / Plating
Term used to describe a surface covering where a metal or metal composition is adhered to the surface. Plating was used to decorate collectible objects, such as art deco lamps but was also used to deter corrosion, protect less harden compositions and to improve the surface appearance. Plating that is typical on art deco lamps would be bronze, silver and gold. There are many variations of plating that range from utilizing a solid metal sheet to using liquid compositions in a vacuumed or attraction method.
Plinth
Another term for base on which a statue or lamp maybe placed. Composition can vary from bronze, brass, pewter, or other metals and can be produced from glass, marble or even wood in some instances.
Polychrome
Term used to describe the use of multiple colors in the finish of art works or decorative items, including art deco lamps. Usually refers to the surface finish on a lamp involving multi-color paint, patinas or plating.
Plug
Term used to describe and identify the plug on a lamp. Refers to the electrical plug at the end of the lamp cord that plugs into an electrical outlet.
Preiss
Term used to describe and to identify a art deco figural lamp as being the work of Johann Philipp Ferdinand Preiss. Born in 1882, there is little argument that he was the most prolific sculptor of the Art Deco period in Germany. Like other master designers, such as Lorenzl, he combined ivory, bronze, onyx and marble to create the most dazzling sculptures of his day known as “Chryselephantine.” Entering apprenticeship with his uncle at the age of sixteen, following the death of his parents, he went on to become the most noted and acclaimed Art Deco sculptor in Germany during the Nazi period. Well known for his cast bronze art deco works, his figures also were used in high end art deco lamps. Highly sought after and collected in the art deco lamp venue.
Pressed Glass
Term used to describe and to identify a specific glass globe as being formed by squeezing molten glass in a metal mold using a metal plunger or “follower.” Also called “ mold pressed” glass, it has a interior form that is independent of the exterior form. Mass produced.
Provenance
Term used to identify a art deco lamp’s time line or ownership history, which includes origin, who owned it, when, where and for how long, selling history, Etc…..all of which, if known and verified, often adds significant value to the lamp. Caution should be exercised and a buyer should establish such validation in writing from a trusted dealer.
Radio Lamp / TV Lamp
Term used to loosely describe and to identify a figural lamp used to provide soft illumination to a specific area of the home and often placed near or on top of the family radio or TV.
Rembrandt Lamp Co.
Term used to describe and to identify a specific art deco lamp as being associated with or the product of the Chicago based Rembrandt Lamp Company 1920 - 1940. Rembrandt marked their lamps “REMBRANDT” then the model number - for example “R7108.” There is a collectable venue for Rembrandt lamps in the art deco lamp venue. This company continues to produce lamps today.
Lalique
Term used to describe and to identify a art deco figural lamp as being the work of Rene Jules Lalique, a art deco designer, 1860-1945. Lalique’s professional career, first as a goldsmith and then, more famously, as a glass maker, spanned both the Art Nouveau and the Art Deco eras. Lalique is perhaps best known for his early perfume bottles, but by the 1920s Lalique began to manufacture other works in glass such as lamps and lamp shades. He exhibited at Paris in 1925, his celebrated glass fountain defined French Art Deco of the 1920s. Caution should be exercised in the absence of a close examination to authentic this glass as the market has seen reproduction items presented as Lalique.
Reconditioned
Term used to describe and to identify an original period art deco lamp that has been repaired and or had replacement of parts and or surface finish due to significant wear and tear or element damage.
Reproduction
Term used to describe and to identify a specific item as a copy of an original, openly advertised as being a copy or replica of the original. Also see Fake
Retro
Term utilized to make a general reference to something that is from a past or previous time. In art deco lamps it is generally used to identify a more modern reproduction of art deco lighting. A loose term that can be easily utilized in an attempt to conceal reproduction lighting.
Reverse Painted
Term used to describe and to identify an art form consisting of applying paint to a piece of glass and then viewing the image by turning the glass over and looking through the glass at the image. Reverse painted art glass lamp shades were poplar during the art deco period and adorned many lamps. Caution should be exercised however, in the absence of a close examination as replacement or modern reproductions of reverse painted lamp shades are common place in the market today and is often sold without disclosure.
Riser
Term used to describe and identify a object that lifts or provides a base for a fitter / holder. Often used to raise such up from the lamp base or figure. Mostly made of metal such as brass or bronze but can also be marble or other porous material.
Ronson Co.
Term used to describe and identify a specific art deco lamp as a product of the Ronson Co and manufactured in the 1920‘s - 1930‘s.
Sabino Glass
Term used to describe and to identify a specific glass lamp shade as being “Sabino.” Name actually refers to early art deco art glass of crystal quality made in Sabino, France. High end glass produced with patterns cut on frosted glass and most often found with bronze or silver accents.
SASAPARILLA
Term used to describe and to identify a Frankart re-strike lamp produced by this company. Acquiring the original Frankart molds, Sasaparilla has reproduced numerous Frankart nude lamps since the 1970’s. Clearly marked by name but caution should be exercised in the absence of a close examination as many sellers are removing the Sasaparilla mark on the lamps and selling them as original or strongly suggesting that they may be Frankart.
Satin Glass
Term used to describe and to identify a specific type of glass. Satin glass is the name for any glass that has been chemically treated to give it a satin finish. The term “satin glass” is frequently used to refer to a collectible type of pressed glass used on art deco lamps. The satin like finish is achieved by treating the glass with hydrofluoric acid or hydrofluoric acid fumes. Satin glass was first made as decorative pressed glass in England and the United States during the 1880s and became popular again during the 1920‘s and 1930‘s.
Semi-Nude
A term used to describe and identify a partially nude figure or figurine. Providing a sense of erotic illumination, the term is most often used to identify art deco semi - nudes, generally topless, that adorn art deco lamps.
Shadow lamp
A term used to describe and identify a partial art deco lamp, which displays a composed figure, semi-nude, or nude in front of a glass background with a bulb attached to the very back. Providing a sense of erotic illumination in which the figure resembles a “shadow.“ Commonly misidentified. Shadow lamps were very popular in the 1930’s and very collectible in the art deco lamp venue. Caution should be exercised however, in the absence of a close examination as replacement lamps are flooding the market and are often sold without disclosure.
Slag Glass
Term used to describe and to identify a opaque pressed glass with colored streaks Originally a English product made by George Davidson’s in the North East of England in the 1890’s. The name derives from the belief that these colors were achieved by adding “slag” from iron smelting works to the glass. “Slag glass” is a term which was not used by glass-makers until recent times. In the USA slag glass was made by Imperial Glass, by Westmoreland Glass, by Akro Agate, and several other companies. Vintage slag glass is highly collectible in the art deco lamp venue. It is still popular today, and is made by US glassworks such as Boyd Glass, Summit, and Mosser, who each make a range of slag glass items in a wide range of colors including red and orange. Caution should be exercised however, in the absence of a close examination as replacement slag glass is common place in the market today and is often sold without disclosure.
Signed
Term used to describe and to identify the presence of the artist signature on a specific art piece. Extremely misleading term since the artist only signed the original art work. Any cast of the original mold bore the artist signature BUT WERE NOT SIGNED. One of the most misleading terms sellers of art deco lamps use to suggest that the artist signed the specific item. The more accurate term of “Marked” should be used to designate the presence of any signature. Unscrupulous or unknowing sellers will often throw the term around to suggest that any art deco lamp bearing a casting mark or number is “signed.” Extreme caution should be used in the absence of a close examination as artist signatures have been forged to the extreme in an effort to inflate the perceived value.
Skyscraper
Term used to describe and to identify a specific art deco lamp or art deco lamp shade / globe as being in a skyscraper shape. Generally a tall design with at least three ascending levels, each of a narrower dimension.
Socket
Term used to describe and identify an electrical socket on a lamp. Mostly found of porcelain, brass, Bakelite, or papered on art deco lamps. Receives the light bulb and provides a completed circuit for the bulb to light.
Socket Cap / Shell
Term used to describe and identify the metal receiving base for a lamp socket or the metal cover. Often made from brass.
Socket Cover
Term used to describe and identify the outer shell or cover over the socket on a lamp. Often made of brass must most often simple papered cardboard as a protective cover.
Solid Bronze
Term used to describe and to identify a art deco lamp or parts of a lamp - such as a figure - as being composed of one solid bronze mass. The term is misleading as almost all “solid bronze” items are not solid but hollow from original casting, which varies the wall thickness. There are some smaller figures, which because of their physical size, are in fact solid in composition.
Spelter / White Metal
Often referred to as “white metal - whitemetal,” spelter is an metal synonym for zinc alloy combined with tin, lead and other available fillers. Low cost and more readily available, spelter was used starting in the 1860’s to cast a wide range of decorative art deco items, including lamps. Many art deco lamps were originally cast from spelter and given a metal plated, washed or painted surface finish to simulate more desirable metals and natural materials. Spelter gives a silvery surface appearance when scratched.
Splatter Glass
Term used to describe and identify a specific art glass produced by throwing under force - multicolored glass in liquid form over a existing glass globe. Highly collectible and desired in the art deco lamp arena. Originally a Czechoslovakian art glass product process this technique is also being reproduced and entering the market. Caution should be exercised in the absence of a close examination.
Stained Glass
Term used to describe and identify colored glass and the craft of working with it. The glass is colored by a process in which metallic salts are added to the molted glass. Typically stained glass was mostly used in the production of art deco lamp shades. Highly collectible in original state. Perhaps the most prized is the beautiful stained glass lamps of Louis Comfort Tiffany. Caution should be exercised however, in the absence of a close examination as replacement stained glass is common place in the market today and is often sold without disclosure.
Statuette
Layman’s term used to describe and to identify a specific figure or figurine utilized in the composition of a art deco lamp.
Style of, in the…
Term used to describe and to identify a specific art deco lamp was made in the artistic style of… indicating an attributed certain style or period. Can also be used to indicate a later reproduction of a vintage lamp, but not actually made during that period. Caution should be exercised in the absence of a close examination to verify such lamps.
Terracotta
Term used to describe and to identify Terra cotta, Terracotta or Terra-cotta. From Italian term meaning “baked earth” and from the Latin terra cocta. It is a clay-based unglazed ceramic that had wide spread use during the art deco artistic period. Used in everything from building bricks to sculptures, it was popular as a hard cost effective substitute for bronze. The term is also used to reference its natural, brownish orange color.
Torch Shade / Globe
Term used to describe and identify a specific art deco era glass globe manufactured to resemble an open torch flame rising to a point. Found in amber, clear, pink and green colored glass. Highly collectible in the art deco lamp trade. Caution should be exercised in the absence of a close examination as a large amount of later reproduction glass has entered the market and is being passed off as original torch globes.
Touchier
Term used to describe and to identify a specific style art deco lamp. Term “touchier” is French for to torch, or torch lamp, from the introduction of this style lamp toward the end of the 17th Century . Generally defined by having a tall stem or column that host a widening candelabra type holder. Can hold one or more sockets and accompanying lights.
Van De Voorde, Georges-Abel Vandevoorde
Vandevoorde was born in Belgium in 1878 and died in France in 1964. He was renown art deco sculptor and fine medalist. He was a pupil of Constant Devreese and Julien Dillens and studied in Paris under several others. He helped Victor Rousseau and worked as his atelier for 7 years. He also taught sculpture and later became president of an art-academy. He won the Second Prize Godecharle in 1905 and regularly showed his work at national and international exhibitions. His most sought after works are his bronze and spelter figures. His works are extremely rare in the art deco figural lamp venue and highly sought after.
Vanity Lamp
Term used to describe and to identify a specific art deco lamp as a lamp used to illuminate a vanity or bedroom furniture. Generally small in size.
Vaseline Glass
Nickname term used to describe a type of art deco lamp globe composed of what is really known as Uranium glass but often called “Green Glass.” The glass contains uranium, usually in oxide form that is added to a glass mix prior to melting. Uranium glass was actually once very popular and used in a wide variety of household items. Most art objects containing this glass are now considered antiques or collectibles, including art deco lamps. The most typical color of uranium glass is a pale yellowish-green, which in the 1920s and 1930’s led to the nickname. The glass actually resembles the appearance of petroleum jelly as commercially sold at that time. Specialized collectors still define “Vaseline glass” as transparent or semitransparent uranium glass in this specific color. Like almost everything else in art deco lighting, modern reproduction Vaseline glass is abundant. Caution must be utilized in the absence of close examination under a black light to verify the characteristic green fluorescence.
Vintage
Term originated to identify a vintage wine that was made from grapes that were all, or primarily, grown and harvested in a single specified year. In art deco lamps the term is used to identify art deco lamps, of a particularly high quality that were specifically produced during the art deco art period and are original to that period 1920 - 1940. Some sellers use the term loosely to suggest that art deco reproduction items are “vintage art deco.” Buyers should exercise caution in the absence of detailed examination.
Wash
Term used to identify an applied finish to art deco lamps of both metal and non-metal composition. Achieved through the application of chemical patinas, solvents or oil based paints. This finish was mostly used to replicated bronze, brass and gold in art deco lamps.
W.I.A.G.F. Co.- N.Y.C.
Term used to describe and to identify art deco lamp manufactured by this New York company. Clearly marked as such on base.